For builders, contractors, and developers working in Montana, understanding permitting requirements is key to avoiding costly delays. Montana’s permitting system is decentralized, with municipalities and counties overseeing approvals while the state sets minimum building code standards.
Below, learn about what requires a Montana building permit, who issues them, what a permit costs, and what makes permitting in Montana unique.
Who issues building permits in Montana?
Building permits are issued at the local level by city or county building departments. Larger municipalities like Billings, Missoula, and Bozeman operate their own building departments, while rural counties may rely on state oversight.
For projects in areas without a certified local jurisdiction, the Montana Department of Labor & Industry – Building Codes Program issues permits and enforces state codes.
When do you need a Montana building permit?
Under the Montana Building Codes, permits are generally required for both residential and commercial construction projects.
Typical projects that require a permit include:
- New construction of residential or commercial buildings
- Additions, remodels, or structural alterations
- Decks, porches, garages, and other accessory structures
- Roofing projects involving structural work
- Electrical, plumbing, and mechanical installations (require separate trade permits)
- Demolition of existing structures
Projects that may be exempt from permits include cosmetic updates like painting, flooring, or non-structural repairs. However, requirements can differ by jurisdiction, so always confirm with the local building department.
Montana building permit requirements
When applying for a building permit in Montana, most jurisdictions require:
- Completed building permit application form
- Construction drawings or plans (stamped by a licensed architect/engineer for commercial projects)
- Site plan showing setbacks, easements, and utility locations
- Proof of contractor registration or licensing, if applicable
- Energy code compliance documentation (Montana follows the International Energy Conservation Code with state amendments)
- Trade licenses for electrical, plumbing, or mechanical work
Some projects also require zoning approval, septic permits (for rural properties), or fire marshal review for commercial buildings.
Montana building permit costs
Permit fees vary by jurisdiction and project scope.
Common permit fee structures include:
- Valuation-based fees – percentage of construction cost (e.g., $5–$15 per $1,000 of project value)
- Flat fees – for smaller projects like decks, fences, or sheds
- Separate trade permit fees – electrical, plumbing, mechanical permits typically have their own fee schedules
Examples of permit fee schedules in the state:
- In Missoula, residential permits start around $50, with additional fees based on valuation.
- In Billings, fees follow the International Code Council (ICC) valuation schedule plus local amendments.
Unique considerations when permitting in Montana
Seismic and snow load design
Projects must account for snow loads and seismic risks, particularly in western Montana. Local building departments often have specific design criteria.
Wildland-urban interface (WUI) codes
In areas prone to wildfires, additional construction requirements may apply, especially near forested land.
Energy efficiency
Montana enforces IECC standards with amendments, requiring insulation and efficiency measures tailored to cold climates.
Rural projects
Many rural counties lack full building departments, meaning permits default to state oversight. This can extend review timelines.
How to get a building permit in Montana
The building permit process in Montana typically includes:
- Identify jurisdiction – Confirm whether your project is under local or state authority.
- Prepare plans – Submit detailed drawings, site plans, and specifications.
- Apply with the building department – Applications may be online or in person depending on jurisdiction.
- Zoning and site review – Local planning or zoning departments may need to approve before permit issuance.
- Pay fees – Based on project valuation or scope.
- Plan review – Conducted by local or state officials.
- Permit issuance – Once approved, the permit must be posted on-site.
- Inspections – Scheduled throughout construction phases (foundation, framing, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, final).
