New Hampshire’s permitting landscape is primarily managed at the municipal level, with each town and city responsible for issuing building permits and enforcing codes. Unlike many states, New Hampshire does not have a statewide building code enforcement office. Instead, municipalities adopt and enforce the State Building Code (RSA 155-A), which incorporates versions of the International Building Code (IBC), International Residential Code (IRC), and related standards.
Contractors should be aware that requirements can vary significantly between jurisdictions. Larger cities like Manchester, Nashua, and Concord tend to have more structured processes, while smaller towns may have only part-time code officials. Additionally, commercial projects, multifamily developments, and certain fire and safety reviews fall under the oversight of the New Hampshire State Fire Marshal’s Office.
Who issues building permits in New Hampshire?
Building permits are issued by local municipalities through their building department or code enforcement officer (CEO).
Examples:
- Manchester Building Regulations Division
- Nashua Building Safety Department
- Concord Code Administration
- Dover Inspection Services
In addition:
- The New Hampshire State Fire Marshal’s Office reviews commercial, industrial, institutional, and multifamily projects for fire and life safety compliance.
- The Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) issues permits for projects impacting wetlands, shorelands, or drinking water systems.
When do I need a building permit in New Hampshire?
Generally, a building permit is required for most new construction, alterations, and major system installations, including:
- New residential or commercial structures
- Additions, renovations, and structural alterations
- Electrical, plumbing, and mechanical work
- Roofing, siding, and window replacements (depending on local rules)
- Demolition of buildings or major structures
- Installation of energy systems (solar, geothermal, HVAC)
- Decks, garages, sheds, and accessory structures above local thresholds
Exemptions may include:
- Cosmetic improvements such as painting, flooring, and cabinetry
- Small non-habitable sheds or outbuildings under a set square footage (varies by town)
- Minor repairs that do not affect structural, mechanical, or electrical systems
New Hampshire building permit requirements
A standard building permit application in New Hampshire requires:
- Completed municipal application form
- Site plan showing setbacks, property boundaries, and utility connections
- Construction drawings (engineer/architect stamped for larger projects)
- Contractor licensing/registration details
- Energy code compliance documentation (per International Energy Conservation Code, IECC)
- Project cost estimates
Additional permits/approvals may include:
- NHDES Shoreland Protection permits for work within 250 feet of protected waterbodies
- Septic design approvals from NHDES for new or altered wastewater systems
- Historic district approvals in certain towns/cities
- Fire Marshal review for non-residential and multifamily projects
New Hampshire building permit costs
Permit fees vary widely by jurisdiction and project valuation.
Typical ranges:
- Residential new construction: $200-$700+ depending on size and municipality
- Commercial projects: $1,000-$5,000+ with additional plan review fees
- Trade permits (plumbing, electrical, mechanical): $50-$200 each
- Flat-rate permits: $25-$100 for fences, small sheds, or minor replacements
Unique considerations when permitting in New Hampshire
Local variations
Each town enforces permitting differently — always check with the local code office early.
Shoreland protection
The Shoreland Water Quality Protection Act (RSA 483-B) regulates construction near lakes, rivers, and other protected waterbodies.
Fire Marshal involvement
Required for commercial, public-use, and multifamily (3+ units) projects.
Energy code compliance
IECC requirements apply to both residential and commercial projects.
Historic preservation
Many New Hampshire towns, including Portsmouth and Concord, enforce historic district approvals for exterior alterations.
How to get a building permit in New Hampshire
The process typically includes:
- Check local requirements
Confirm zoning, setbacks, and whether special permits (NHDES, Fire Marshal) are needed. - Prepare application
Include plans, site drawings, and compliance forms. - Submit application to local building department
Applications may be online or in person depending on the town. - Plan review
Conducted by building inspectors, zoning officials, and when applicable, the Fire Marshal or NHDES. - Pay fees
Based on valuation, square footage, or project category. - Receive permit
Must be posted on-site during work. - Inspections
Required at various stages: foundation, framing, electrical, plumbing, HVAC, and final inspection.
