Vermont’s construction permitting system combines statewide building code standards with local town and city authority. Unlike some states that leave most oversight to municipalities, Vermont’s Division of Fire Safety plays a significant role in reviewing and approving projects, particularly for commercial buildings and public-use structures. At the same time, most towns and cities issue local building and zoning permits, and requirements can vary widely depending on the jurisdiction.
Below, we cover what you need to know when pulling a building permit in Vermont.
Who issues building permits in Vermont?
Building permits are primarily issued by local municipalities (towns and cities).
Key authorities include:
- City of Burlington Department of Permitting & Inspections
- Montpelier Building Department
- South Burlington Planning & Zoning
- Rutland City Zoning and Building Office
In addition:
- The Vermont Division of Fire Safety issues permits for commercial, public, and multifamily (3+ units) projects statewide.
- Local zoning administrators handle land-use compliance and site approvals.
When do you need a Vermont building permit?
In Vermont, most construction projects require a permit, including:
- New residential and commercial buildings
- Additions, renovations, or structural alterations
- Electrical, plumbing, and mechanical installations
- Demolition of structures
- Roof replacements, siding, or window/door modifications (in many jurisdictions)
- Accessory buildings such as decks, garages, and sheds
- Energy system installations (solar, geothermal, biomass heating, EV chargers)
Exemptions may include:
- Cosmetic interior work (painting, flooring, cabinetry)
- Small accessory structures under local square footage thresholds
- Certain agricultural buildings (though many still require zoning approval)
Vermont building permit requirements
Typical requirements for a building permit in Vermont include:
- Completed permit application (local jurisdiction forms)
- Construction drawings (stamped by an architect/engineer for larger projects)
- Site plan showing boundaries, setbacks, driveways, and utility connections
- Contractor license/registration (if applicable)
- Proof of compliance with the Vermont Residential Building Energy Standards (RBES) or Commercial Building Energy Standards (CBES)
- Estimated project valuation
Additional documents may be needed depending on scope:
- Act 250 permit for large-scale development projects affecting natural resources
- Vermont-specific flood hazard development permits in flood-prone areas
- Historic preservation approvals for work in designated districts
- Wastewater and potable water supply permits for new or modified systems
Vermont building permit costs
Fees vary by town and project scope but typically include base fees plus square footage or valuation add-ons.
Typical building permit fee ranges:
- Residential new construction: $200-$1,000+ depending on size and municipality
- Commercial new construction: $1,000-$5,000+, with additional plan review charges by the Division of Fire Safety
- Trade permits (electrical, plumbing, mechanical): $50-$250 each
- Flat-rate permits: $5-$150 for small residential projects (sheds, fences, HVAC swaps)
Unique considerations when permitting in Vermont
State and local overlap
Commercial and multifamily projects require both local permits and a state Fire Safety permit.
Energy efficiency mandates
Vermont enforces strict RBES and CBES codes, requiring affidavits and compliance certificates.
Act 250 review
Large-scale projects may trigger Vermont’s land-use and environmental review law, adding significant time and documentation.
Historic districts
Cities like Burlington, Montpelier, and Brattleboro may require design review and approvals for work in historic neighborhoods.
How to get a building permit in Vermont
The permitting process generally follows these steps:
- Confirm jurisdiction
Determine whether the project falls under town/city review only, or if a state Fire Safety permit is also required. - Check zoning regulations
Ensure site compliance with local land-use, setback, and density rules. - Prepare application package
Include drawings, site plans, energy code documentation, and wastewater permits if needed. - Submit application
Through the local building or zoning office; commercial projects also file with the Division of Fire Safety. - Plan review
Conducted by building officials, zoning administrators, and fire safety inspectors. - Pay permit fees
Based on square footage, valuation, or trade-specific charges. - Receive permit
Posted on-site during construction. - Schedule inspections
Required for foundation, framing, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, and final approval.
